1. 简介与注意事项

天气研究和预报模型（WRF，发音为“worf”）是一个主要用于数值天气预报（NWP）的高度并行，基于 CPU 的 Fortran 软件包。是 ISC21 中的基准测试应用程序之一。

Fortran 库的兼容性比较差，如果你想尽可能规避问题，可以选择与我相同的版本来完成任务。

注意： 本文的目标仅为编译 WRF，即看到这样的 log。

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==========================================================================
build started:   2026年 03月 06日 星期五 17:37:20 CST
build completed: 2026年 03月 06日 星期五 17:50:15 CST

--->                  Executables successfully built                  <---

-rwxr-xr-x 1 scc scc 43930888  3月 6日 17:50 main/ndown.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 scc scc 40494584  3月 6日 17:50 main/real.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 scc scc 39614120  3月 6日 17:50 main/tc.exe
-rwxr-xr-x 1 scc scc 55235864  3月 6日 17:50 main/wrf.exe

==========================================================================

2. 前期准备

本文基于 Rocky Linux 10，虚拟机环境。用户名设置为 scc，hostname 设定为 node1（模拟集群环境）。

设备 配置
内存 8 GB
处理器（CPU 核数） 8
硬盘 25 GB
挂载（共享）硬盘 80 GB

挂载（共享）硬盘即下文出现的 /data 文件夹。

首先，你需要有 gcc 和 gfortran，这是安装应用的常用软件。

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# 安装
[scc@node1 ~]$ sudo yum install -y gcc g++ gfortran
# 查看版本
[scc@node1 ~]$ gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 14.3.1 20250617 (Red Hat 14.3.1-2)
[scc@node1 ~]$ g++ --version
g++ (GCC) 14.3.1 20250617 (Red Hat 14.3.1-2)
[scc@node1 ~]$ gfortran --version
GNU Fortran (GCC) 14.3.1 20250617 (Red Hat 14.3.1-2)

在你想安装的地方新建文件夹，之后的依赖软件安装和 WRF 本体安装都会在这里进行。

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[scc@node1 source]$ mkdir Build_WRF
[scc@node1 Build_WRF]$ mkdir LIBRARIES && cd LIBRARIES
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ pwd
/data/software/source/Build_WRF/LIBRARIES
# 获取以下版本的安装包
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ ls
jasper-4.2.8.tar.gz  libpng-1.6.55.tar.gz  mpich-4.3.2.tar.gz  netcdf-c-4.9.3.tar.gz  netcdf-fortran-4.6.2.tar.gz  zlib-1.3.2.tar.gz

3. 依赖软件安装

在这一部分，你将手动编译安装上述 6 个软件，并配置好环境变量。

每一部分配置好后记得 source ~/.bashrc 以加载。

这是最基本的环境变量，即 gcc、g++、gfortran 相关：

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[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ vim ~/.bashrc
export DIR=/data/software/source/Build_WRF/LIBRARIES
export CC=gcc
export CXX=g++
export FC=gfortran
export FCFLAGS=-m64
export F77=gfortran
export FFLAGS=-m64

3.1 MPICH

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# mpich
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ tar -zxvf mpich-4.3.2.tar.gz && cd mpich-4.3.2
[scc@node1 mpich-4.3.2]$ ./configure --prefix=/data/software/install/mpich/4.3.2
[scc@node1 mpich-4.3.2]$ make -j4 && make install
# 环境变量
[scc@node1 mpich-4.3.2]$ export PATH=/data/software/install/mpich/4.3.2/bin:$PATH

3.2 NetCDF-C

注意： NetCDF-Fortran 依赖于该软件。

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# NetCDF-C
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ tar -zxvf netcdf-c-4.9.3.tar.gz && cd netcdf-c-4.9.3
[scc@node1 netcdf-c-4.9.3]$ ./configure \
> --prefix=/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3 \
> --disable-dap \
> --disable-netcdf-4 \
> --disable-shared
[scc@node1 netcdf-c-4.9.3]$ make && make install
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Congratulations! You have successfully installed netCDF!    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
# 环境变量
[scc@node1 netcdf-c-4.9.3]$ vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH=/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/bin:$PATH
export NETCDF=/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3

3.3 NetCDF-Fortran

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# NetCDF-Fortran
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ tar -zxvf netcdf-fortran-4.6.2.tar.gz && cd netcdf-fortran-4.6.2
# 指定 NetCDF-C 依赖，关闭 Fortran 严格检查
[scc@node1 netcdf-fortran-4.6.2]$ export CPPFLAGS="-I/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/include"
[scc@node1 netcdf-fortran-4.6.2]$ export LDFLAGS="-L/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/lib -lnetcdf"
[scc@node1 netcdf-fortran-4.6.2]$ export FFLAGS="-g -O2 -Wno-implicit-int -Wno-error=implicit-int -fPIC"
[scc@node1 netcdf-fortran-4.6.2]$ ./configure \
>   --prefix=/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2 \
>   --disable-shared
[scc@node1 netcdf-fortran-4.6.2]$ make && make install
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| Congratulations! You have successfully installed the netCDF |
| Fortran libraries.                                          |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
# 环境变量
[scc@node1 netcdf-fortran-4.6.2]$ vim ~/.bashrc
export PATH=/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/bin:$PATH
export NETCDF_FORTRAN=/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2

3.4 zlib

注意： 此应用和后面的 libpng、jasper 要装到同一个文件夹下。

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# zlib
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ tar -zxvf zlib-1.3.2.tar.gz
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ cd zlib-1.3.2
[scc@node1 zlib-1.3.2]$ ./configure --prefix=/data/software/install/grib2
[scc@node1 zlib-1.3.2]$ make && make install
# 环境变量
[scc@node1 zlib-1.3.2]$ vim ~/.bashrc
export LDFLAGS=-L/data/software/install/grib2/lib
export CPPFLAGS=-I/data/software/install/grib2/include

3.5 libpng

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# libpng
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ tar -zxvf libpng-1.6.55.tar.gz
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ cd libpng-1.6.55
[scc@node1 libpng-1.6.55]$ ./configure --prefix=/data/software/install/grib2
[scc@node1 libpng-1.6.55]$ make && make install
# 无需配置环境变量

3.6 jasper

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# jasper
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ tar -zxvf jasper-4.2.8.tar.gz
# 软件禁止源码内构建，故在 LIBRARIES 目录下 build
[scc@node1 LIBRARIES]$ mkdir jasper_build && cd jasper_build
[scc@node1 jasper_build]$ cmake \
>   -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/software/install/grib2 \
>   -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
>   /data/software/source/Build_WRF/LIBRARIES/jasper-4.2.8
[scc@node1 jasper_build]$ make -j4 && make install
# 无需配置环境变量

4. 编译 WRF

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# WRF
[scc@node1 Build_WRF]$ pwd
/data/software/source/Build_WRF
# 获取 WRF 完整源码（--recursive 以获取所有子模块）
[scc@node1 Build_WRF]$ git clone --recursive https://github.com/wrf-model/WRF.git WRF-4.7.1
子模组路径 '.ci/hpc-workflows'：检出
子模组路径 'phys/MYNN-EDMF'：   检出
子模组路径 'phys/noahmp'：      检出
[scc@node1 Build_WRF]$ cd WRF-4.7.1
[scc@node1 WRF-4.7.1]$ ./configure
Error : Not found /data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/include/netcdf.inc
# 复制 NetCDF-Fortran 中的 netcdf.inc 以满足需求
[scc@node1 include]$ pwd
/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/include
[scc@node1 include]$ cp /data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/include/netcdf.inc .
# 再次 ./configure，成功
[scc@node1 WRF-4.7.1]$ ./configure
*****************************************************************************
This build of WRF will use classic (non-compressed) NETCDF format
*****************************************************************************

编译时的选项选择（具体含义可以自行查阅）：

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# 修改配置，以正确引入 NetCDF-Fortran
[scc@node1 WRF-4.7.1]$ vim configure.wrf
# 保证 fortran 在 c 之前链接
 LIB_EXTERNAL    = \
                      -L$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_netcdf -lwrfio_nf \
                      -L/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/lib -lnetcdff \
                      -L/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/lib  -lnetcdf       

INCLUDE_MODULES =    $(MODULE_SRCH_FLAG) \
                     $(ESMF_MOD_INC) $(ESMF_LIB_FLAGS) \
                                           -I/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/include

wrfio_nf :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_netcdf ; \
          make $(J) NETCDFPATH="$(NETCDFPATH)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CPP="$(CPP)" \
          NETCDFFPATH="/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2" \
          CC="$(SCC)" CFLAGS="$(CFLAGS)" NETCDF4_DEP_LIB="$(NETCDF4_DEP_LIB)" \
          FFLAGS="-I/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/include $(FFLAGS)" \
          FC="$(SFC) $(PROMOTION) $(OMP) $(FCFLAGS)" TRADFLAG="$(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" )

configure.wrf 的完整内容：

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# configure.wrf
#
# Original configure options used:
# ./configure 
# Compiler choice: 35
# Nesting option: 1
#
# This file was automatically generated by the configure script in the
# top level directory. You may make changes to the settings in this
# file but be aware they will be overwritten each time you run configure.
# Ordinarily, it is necessary to run configure once, when the code is
# first installed.
#
# To permanently change options, change the settings for your platform
# in the file arch/configure.defaults then rerun configure.
#
SHELL           =       /bin/sh
DEVTOP          =       `pwd`
LIBINCLUDE      =       .
.SUFFIXES: .F .i .o .f90 .c .F90

#### Get core settings from environment (set in compile script)
#### Note to add a core, this has to be added to.

COREDEFS = -DEM_CORE=$(WRF_EM_CORE) \
           -DNMM_CORE=$(WRF_NMM_CORE) -DNMM_MAX_DIM=2600 \
	   -DDA_CORE=$(WRF_DA_CORE) \
	   -DWRFPLUS=$(WRF_PLUS_CORE)

#### Single location for defining total number of domains.  You need
#### at least 1 + 2*(number of total nests).  For example, 1 coarse
#### grid + three fine grids = 1 + 2(3) = 7, so MAX_DOMAINS=7.

MAX_DOMAINS	=	21

#### DM buffer length for the configuration flags.

CONFIG_BUF_LEN	=	65536

#### Size of bitmasks (in 4byte integers) of stream masks for WRF I/O

MAX_HISTORY = 25

IWORDSIZE = 4
DWORDSIZE = 8
LWORDSIZE = 4

##############################################################################
#### The settings in this section are defaults that may be overridden by the 
#### architecture-specific settings in the next section.  
##############################################################################

##############################################################################
#### NOTE:  Do not modify these default values here.  To override these 
####        values, make changes after "Architecture specific settings".  
##############################################################################

#### Native size (in bytes) of Fortran REAL data type on this architecture ####
#### Note:  to change real wordsize (for example, to promote REALs from 
####        4-byte to 8-byte), modify the definition of RWORDSIZE in the 
####        section following "Architecture specific settings".  Do not 
####        change NATIVE_RWORDSIZE as is it architecture-specific.  
NATIVE_RWORDSIZE = 4

#### Default sed command and script for Fortran source files ####
#SED_FTN = sed -f $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/arch/standard.sed
SED_FTN = $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/tools/standard.exe

# Hack to work around $(PWD) not changing during OSF1 build.  
# $(IO_GRIB_SHARE_DIR) is reset during the OSF1 build only.  
IO_GRIB_SHARE_DIR = 

#### ESMF switches                 ####
#### These are set up by Config.pl ####
# switch to use separately installed ESMF library for coupling:  1==true
ESMF_COUPLING       = 0
# select dependences on module_utility.o
ESMF_MOD_DEPENDENCE = $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/esmf_time_f90/module_utility.o
# select -I options for external/io_esmf vs. external/esmf_time_f90
ESMF_IO_INC         = -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/esmf_time_f90
# select -I options for separately installed ESMF library, if present
ESMF_MOD_INC        =  $(ESMF_IO_INC)
# select cpp token for external/io_esmf vs. external/esmf_time_f90
ESMF_IO_DEFS        = 
# select build target for external/io_esmf vs. external/esmf_time_f90
ESMF_TARGET         = esmf_time

# ESMFINCLUDEGOESHERE

#### NETCDF4 pieces

NETCDF4_IO_OPTS = -DUSE_NETCDF4_FEATURES -DWRFIO_NCD_LARGE_FILE_SUPPORT
GPFS            =
CURL            =
HDF5            =
ZLIB            =
NETCDF4_DEP_LIB = 

# NETCDF4INCLUDEGOESHERE

#### CTSM pieces

# CTSMINCLUDEGOESHERE

##############################################################################

LIBWRFLIB = libwrflib.a

 LIB_BUNDLED     = \
                      $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/fftpack/fftpack5/libfftpack.a \
                      $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_grib1/libio_grib1.a \
                      $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_grib_share/libio_grib_share.a \
                      $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_int/libwrfio_int.a \
                      $(ESMF_IO_LIB) \
                      $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/RSL_LITE/librsl_lite.a \
                      $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/frame/module_internal_header_util.o \
                      $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/frame/pack_utils.o

 LIB_EXTERNAL    = \
                      -L$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_netcdf -lwrfio_nf \
                      -L/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/lib -lnetcdff \
                      -L/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/lib  -lnetcdf


#### Architecture specific settings ####

# Settings for    Linux x86_64 ppc64le, gfortran compiler with gcc   (dm+sm)
#
DESCRIPTION     =       GNU ($SFC/$SCC)
DMPARALLEL      =        1
OMPCPP          =        -D_OPENMP
OMP             =        -fopenmp
OMPCC           =        -fopenmp
SFC             =       gfortran
SCC             =       gcc
CCOMP           =       gcc
DM_FC           =       mpif90 
DM_CC           =       mpicc -cc=$(SCC)
FC              =       time $(DM_FC)
CC              =       $(DM_CC) -DFSEEKO_OK 
LD              =       $(FC)
RWORDSIZE       =       4
PROMOTION       =       #-fdefault-real-8
ARCH_LOCAL      =       -DNONSTANDARD_SYSTEM_SUBR  -DWRF_USE_CLM
# to validate WRF correctness on aarch64 against x86_64; compile with x86 this alternate ARCH_LOCAL option; able to achieve identical output model on ubuntu 18.04 with gcc 10.2 (on graviton and intel processors)
# ARCH_LOCAL      =       -DNONSTANDARD_SYSTEM_SUBR  -DWRF_USE_CLM -DAARCH64_X86_CORRECTNESS_FIX
CFLAGS_LOCAL    =       -w -O3 -c  # -DRSL0_ONLY
LDFLAGS_LOCAL   =       
CPLUSPLUSLIB    =       
ESMF_LDFLAG     =       $(CPLUSPLUSLIB)
FCOPTIM         =       -O2 -ftree-vectorize -funroll-loops
FCREDUCEDOPT	=       $(FCOPTIM)
FCNOOPT		=       -O0
FCDEBUG         =       # -g $(FCNOOPT) # -ggdb -fbacktrace -fcheck=bounds,do,mem,pointer -ffpe-trap=invalid,zero,overflow
FORMAT_FIXED    =       -ffixed-form
FORMAT_FREE     =       -ffree-form -ffree-line-length-none
FCSUFFIX        =       
FCCOMPAT        =        -fallow-argument-mismatch -fallow-invalid-boz
BYTESWAPIO      =       -fconvert=big-endian -frecord-marker=4
FCBASEOPTS_NO_G =       -w $(FORMAT_FREE) $(BYTESWAPIO) $(FCCOMPAT)
FCBASEOPTS      =       $(FCBASEOPTS_NO_G) $(FCDEBUG)
MODULE_SRCH_FLAG =     
TRADFLAG        =      -traditional-cpp
CPP             =      /lib/cpp -P -nostdinc
AR              =      ar
ARFLAGS         =      ru
M4              =      m4 -G
RANLIB          =      ranlib
RLFLAGS		=	
CC_TOOLS        =      $(SCC) 


###########################################################
######################
# POSTAMBLE

FGREP = fgrep -iq
### Used throughout the build system to inform promotion to double precision
DOUBLE_PRECISION = 

ARCHFLAGS       =    $(COREDEFS) -DIWORDSIZE=$(IWORDSIZE) -DDWORDSIZE=$(DWORDSIZE) -DRWORDSIZE=$(RWORDSIZE) -DLWORDSIZE=$(LWORDSIZE)  \
                     $(ARCH_LOCAL) \
                     $(DA_ARCHFLAGS) \
                      -DDM_PARALLEL \
                       \
                      -DNETCDF \
                       \
                       \
                       \
                       \
                       \
                       \
                       \
                       \
                       \
                       \
                       -DLANDREAD_STUB=1 \
                       \
                       \
                      -DUSE_ALLOCATABLES \
                      -Dwrfmodel \
                      -DGRIB1 \
                      -DINTIO \
                      -DKEEP_INT_AROUND \
                      -DLIMIT_ARGS \
                      -DBUILD_RRTMG_FAST=0 \
                      -DBUILD_RRTMK=0 \
                      -DBUILD_SBM_FAST=1 \
                      -DSHOW_ALL_VARS_USED=0 \
                      -DCONFIG_BUF_LEN=$(CONFIG_BUF_LEN) \
                      -DMAX_DOMAINS_F=$(MAX_DOMAINS) \
                      -DMAX_HISTORY=$(MAX_HISTORY) \
		      -DNMM_NEST=$(WRF_NMM_NEST)
CFLAGS          =    $(CFLAGS_LOCAL) -DDM_PARALLEL  \
                      -DLANDREAD_STUB=1 \
                      -DMAX_HISTORY=$(MAX_HISTORY) -DNMM_CORE=$(WRF_NMM_CORE)
FCFLAGS         =    $(FCOPTIM) $(FCBASEOPTS)
ESMF_LIB_FLAGS  =    
# ESMF 5 -- these are defined in esmf.mk, included above
 ESMF_IO_LIB     =    -L$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/esmf_time_f90 -lesmf_time
ESMF_IO_LIB_EXT =    -L$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/esmf_time_f90 -lesmf_time
INCLUDE_MODULES =    $(MODULE_SRCH_FLAG) \
                     $(ESMF_MOD_INC) $(ESMF_LIB_FLAGS) \
                      -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/main \
                      -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_netcdf \
                      -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_int \
                      -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/frame \
                      -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/share \
                      -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/phys \
                      -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/wrftladj \
                      -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/chem -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc \
                      -I$(NETCDFPATH)/include \
                      -I/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/include
                       
REGISTRY        =    Registry
CC_TOOLS_CFLAGS = -DNMM_CORE=$(WRF_NMM_CORE)

LIB             =    $(LIB_BUNDLED) $(LIB_EXTERNAL) $(LIB_LOCAL) $(LIB_WRF_HYDRO) 
LDFLAGS         =    $(OMP) $(FCFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS_LOCAL) 
ENVCOMPDEFS     =    
WRF_CHEM	=	0 
CPPFLAGS        =    $(ARCHFLAGS) $(ENVCOMPDEFS) -I$(LIBINCLUDE) $(TRADFLAG) 
NETCDFPATH      =    /data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3
HDF5PATH        =    
WRFPLUSPATH     =    
RTTOVPATH       =    
PNETCDFPATH     =    
ADIOS2PATH      =    
NETCDFPAR_BUILD	=    echo SKIPPING


bundled:  io_only 
external: io_only $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/RSL_LITE/librsl_lite.a gen_comms_rsllite module_dm_rsllite $(ESMF_TARGET)
io_only:  esmf_time wrfio_nf     \
	  wrf_ioapi_includes wrfio_grib_share wrfio_grib1 wrfio_int fftpack


######################
externals: io_only bundled external

gen_comms_serial :
	( /bin/rm -f $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/tools/gen_comms.c )

module_dm_serial :
	( if [ ! -e module_dm.F ] ; then /bin/cp module_dm_warning module_dm.F ; cat module_dm_stubs.F >> module_dm.F ; fi )

gen_comms_rsllite :
	( if [ ! -e $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/tools/gen_comms.c ] ; then \
          /bin/cp $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/tools/gen_comms_warning $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/tools/gen_comms.c ; \
          cat $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/RSL_LITE/gen_comms.c >> $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/tools/gen_comms.c ; fi )

module_dm_rsllite :
	( if [ ! -e module_dm.F ] ; then /bin/cp module_dm_warning module_dm.F ; \
          cat $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/RSL_LITE/module_dm.F >> module_dm.F ; fi )

wrfio_nf :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_netcdf ; \
          make $(J) NETCDFPATH="$(NETCDFPATH)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CPP="$(CPP)" \
          NETCDFFPATH="/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2" \
          CC="$(SCC)" CFLAGS="$(CFLAGS)" NETCDF4_DEP_LIB="$(NETCDF4_DEP_LIB)" \
          FFLAGS="-I/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/include $(FFLAGS)" \
          FC="$(SFC) $(PROMOTION) $(OMP) $(FCFLAGS)" TRADFLAG="$(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" )

wrfio_nfpar : 
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_netcdfpar ; \
          make $(J) NETCDFPARPATH="$(NETCDFPATH)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CPP="$(CPP) $(ARCHFLAGS)" \
          NETCDF4_DEP_LIB="$(NETCDF4_DEP_LIB)" \
          FC="$(FC) $(PROMOTION) $(OMP) $(FCFLAGS)" TRADFLAG="$(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" )

wrfio_pnf : 
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_pnetcdf ; \
          make $(J) NETCDFPATH="$(PNETCDFPATH)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CPP="$(CPP) $(ARCHFLAGS)" \
          FC="$(FC) $(PROMOTION) $(OMP) $(FCFLAGS)" TRADFLAG="$(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" )

wrfio_adios2 : 
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_adios2 ; \
          make $(J) ADIOS2="$(ADIOS2PATH)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CPP="$(CPP) $(ARCHFLAGS)" \
          FC="$(FC) $(PROMOTION) $(OMP) $(FCFLAGS)" TRADFLAG="$(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" )

wrfio_grib_share :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_grib_share ; \
          make $(J) CC="$(SCC)" CFLAGS="$(CFLAGS)" RM="$(RM)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CPP="$(CPP)" \
          FC="$(SFC) $(PROMOTION) -I. $(FCDEBUG) $(FCBASEOPTS) $(FCSUFFIX)" TRADFLAG="$(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" archive)

wrfio_grib1 :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_grib1 ; \
          make $(J) CC="$(SCC)" CFLAGS="$(CFLAGS)" RM="$(RM)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CPP="$(CPP)" \
          FC="$(SFC) $(PROMOTION) -I. $(FCDEBUG) $(FCBASEOPTS) $(FCSUFFIX)" TRADFLAG="$(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" archive)

wrfio_grib2 :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_grib2 ; \
          make $(J) CC="$(SCC)" CFLAGS="$(CFLAGS) " RM="$(RM)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" \
          CPP="$(CPP)" \
          FC="$(SFC) $(PROMOTION) -I. $(FCDEBUG) $(FCBASEOPTS) $(FCSUFFIX)" TRADFLAG="-traditional" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" \
          FIXED="$(FORMAT_FIXED)" archive)

wrfio_int :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_int ; \
          make $(J) CC="$(CC)" CFLAGS_LOCAL="$(CFLAGS_LOCAL)" RM="$(RM)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CPP="$(CPP)" \
          FC="$(FC) $(PROMOTION) $(FCDEBUG) $(FCBASEOPTS) $(OMP)" FGREP="$(FGREP)" \
          TRADFLAG="$(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" ARCHFLAGS="$(ARCHFLAGS)" all )

esmf_time :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/esmf_time_f90 ; \
          make $(J) FC="$(SFC) $(PROMOTION) $(FCDEBUG) $(FCBASEOPTS)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" \
          CPP="$(CPP) -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc -I. $(ARCHFLAGS) $(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" )

fftpack :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/fftpack/fftpack5 ; \
          make $(J) FC="$(SFC)" FFLAGS="$(PROMOTION) $(FCDEBUG) $(FCBASEOPTS)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" AR="$(AR)" \
          ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" CPP="$(CPP)" CPPFLAGS="$(CPPFLAGS)" RM="$(RM)" )

atm_ocn :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/atm_ocn ; \
          make $(J) CC="$(SCC)" CFLAGS="$(CFLAGS) " RM="$(RM)" RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" \
          CPP="$(CPP)" CPPFLAGS="$(CPPFLAGS)" \
          FC="$(DM_FC) $(PROMOTION) -I. $(FCDEBUG) $(FCBASEOPTS) $(FCSUFFIX)" TRADFLAG="-traditional" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" \
          FIXED="$(FORMAT_FIXED)" )

$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/RSL_LITE/librsl_lite.a :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/RSL_LITE ; make $(J) CC="$(CC) $(CFLAGS)" \
          FC="$(FC) $(FCFLAGS) $(OMP) $(PROMOTION) $(BYTESWAPIO)" \
          CPP="$(CPP) -I. $(ARCHFLAGS) $(OMPCPP) $(TRADFLAG)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" ;\
          $(RANLIB) $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/RSL_LITE/librsl_lite.a )

######################
#	Macros, these should be generic for all machines

LN	=	ln -sf
MAKE	=	make -i -r
RM	= 	rm -f


# These sub-directory builds are identical across all architectures

wrf_ioapi_includes :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/ioapi_share ; \
          $(MAKE) NATIVE_RWORDSIZE="$(NATIVE_RWORDSIZE)" RWORDSIZE="$(RWORDSIZE)" AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" )

wrfio_esmf :
	( cd $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/external/io_esmf ; \
          make FC="$(FC) $(PROMOTION) $(FCDEBUG) $(FCBASEOPTS) $(ESMF_MOD_INC)" \
          RANLIB="$(RANLIB)" CPP="$(CPP) $(POUND_DEF) " AR="$(AR)" ARFLAGS="$(ARFLAGS)" )

#	There is probably no reason to modify these rules

.F.i:
	$(RM) $@
	sed -e "s/^\!.*'.*//" -e "s/^ *\!.*'.*//" $*.F > $*.G
	$(CPP) -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc $(CPPFLAGS) $*.G > $*.i
	mv $*.i $(DEVTOP)/pick/$*.f90
	cp $*.F $(DEVTOP)/pick

.F.o:
	$(RM) $@
	sed -e "s/^\!.*'.*//" -e "s/^ *\!.*'.*//" $*.F > $*.G
	$(CPP) -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc $(CPPFLAGS) $(OMPCPP) $*.G  > $*.bb
	$(SED_FTN) $*.bb | $(CPP) $(TRADFLAG) > $*.f90
	$(RM) $*.G $*.bb
	@ if echo $(ARCHFLAGS) | $(FGREP) 'DVAR4D'; then \
          echo COMPILING $*.F for 4DVAR ; \
          $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/var/build/da_name_space.pl $*.f90 > $*.f90.tmp ; \
          mv $*.f90.tmp $*.f90 ; \
        fi
	$(FC) -o $@ -c $(FCFLAGS) $(OMP) $(MODULE_DIRS) $(PROMOTION) $(FCSUFFIX) $*.f90

.F90.o:
	$(RM) $@
	sed -e "s/^\!.*'.*//" -e "s/^ *\!.*'.*//" $*.F90 > $*.G
	$(CPP) -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc $(CPPFLAGS) $(OMPCPP) $*.G  > $*.bb
	$(SED_FTN) $*.bb | $(CPP) $(TRADFLAG) > $*.tmp.f90
	$(RM) $*.G $*.bb
	$(FC) -o $@ -c $(FCFLAGS) $(OMP) $(MODULE_DIRS) $(PROMOTION) $(FCSUFFIX) $*.tmp.f90

.F.f90:
	$(RM) $@
	sed -e "s/^\!.*'.*//" -e "s/^ *\!.*'.*//" $*.F > $*.G
	$(SED_FTN) $*.G > $*.H
	$(CPP) -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc $(CPPFLAGS) $*.H  > $@
	$(RM) $*.G $*.H

.f90.o:
	$(RM) $@
	$(FC) -o $@ -c $(FCFLAGS) $(PROMOTION) $(FCSUFFIX) $*.f90

setfeenv.o : setfeenv.c
	$(RM) $@
	$(CCOMP) -o $@ -c $(CFLAGS) $(OMPCC) $*.c

.c.o:
	$(RM) $@
	$(CC) -o $@ -c $(CFLAGS) $*.c

# A little more adventurous.  Allow full opt on 
# mediation_integrate.o \
# shift_domain_em.o \
# solve_em.o  <-- gets a little kick from SOLVE_EM_SPECIAL too, if defined
# mediation_feedback_domain.o : mediation_feedback_domain.F
# mediation_force_domain.o : mediation_force_domain.F
# mediation_interp_domain.o : mediation_interp_domain.F

# compile these without high optimization to speed compile
track_driver.o : track_driver.F
convert_nmm.o : convert_nmm.F
init_modules_em.o : init_modules_em.F
input_wrf.o : input_wrf.F
module_io.o : module_io.F
module_comm_dm.o : module_comm_dm.F
module_comm_dm_0.o : module_comm_dm_0.F
module_comm_dm_1.o : module_comm_dm_1.F
module_comm_dm_2.o : module_comm_dm_2.F
module_comm_dm_3.o : module_comm_dm_3.F
module_comm_nesting_dm.o : module_comm_nesting_dm.F
module_configure.o : module_configure.F
module_domain.o : module_domain.F
module_domain_type.o : module_domain_type.F
module_tiles.o : module_tiles.F
module_initialize.o : module_initialize.F
module_physics_init.o : module_physics_init.F 
module_initialize_squall2d_x.o : module_initialize_squall2d_x.F
module_initialize_squall2d_y.o : module_initialize_squall2d_y.F
module_initialize_scm_xy.o : module_initialize_scm_xy.F
module_integrate.o : module_integrate.F
module_io_mm5.o : module_io_mm5.F
module_io_wrf.o : module_io_wrf.F
module_si_io.o : module_si_io.F
module_wps_io_arw.o : module_wps_io_arw.F
module_state_description.o : module_state_description.F 
output_wrf.o : output_wrf.F
solve_interface.o : solve_interface.F
start_domain.o : start_domain.F
wrf_bdyin.o : wrf_bdyin.F
wrf_bdyout.o : wrf_bdyout.F
wrf_ext_read_field.o : wrf_ext_read_field.F
wrf_ext_write_field.o : wrf_ext_write_field.F
wrf_fddaobs_in.o : wrf_fddaobs_in.F
wrf_histin.o : wrf_histin.F
wrf_histout.o : wrf_histout.F
wrf_inputin.o : wrf_inputin.F
wrf_inputout.o : wrf_inputout.F
wrf_restartin.o : wrf_restartin.F
wrf_restartout.o : wrf_restartout.F
wrf_tsin.o : wrf_tsin.F
nl_get_0_routines.o : nl_get_0_routines.F
nl_get_1_routines.o : nl_get_1_routines.F
nl_set_0_routines.o : nl_set_0_routines.F
nl_set_1_routines.o : nl_set_1_routines.F

track_driver.o \
convert_nmm.o \
init_modules_em.o \
module_initialize.o \
module_initialize_squall2d_x.o \
module_initialize_squall2d_y.o \
module_initialize_scm_xy.o \
module_integrate.o \
module_io_mm5.o \
module_io_wrf.o \
module_si_io.o \
module_wps_io_arw.o \
module_tiles.o \
output_wrf.o \
solve_interface.o \
start_domain.o \
wrf_fddaobs_in.o \
wrf_tsin.o :
	$(RM) $@
	$(SED_FTN) $*.F > $*.b 
	$(CPP) -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc $(CPPFLAGS) $(OMPCPP) $*.b  > $*.f90
	$(RM) $*.b
	@ if echo $(ARCHFLAGS) | $(FGREP) 'DVAR4D'; then \
          echo COMPILING $*.F for 4DVAR ; \
          $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/var/build/da_name_space.pl $*.f90 > $*.f90.tmp ; \
          mv $*.f90.tmp $*.f90 ; \
        fi
	$(FC) -c $(PROMOTION) $(FCNOOPT) $(FCBASEOPTS) $(MODULE_DIRS) $(FCSUFFIX) $(OMP) $*.f90

#solve_em.o :
#	$(RM) $@
#	$(SED_FTN) $*.F > $*.b 
#	$(CPP) -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc $(CPPFLAGS) $*.b  > $*.f90
#	$(RM) $*.b
#	$(FC) -o $@ -c $(FCFLAGS) $(MODULE_DIRS) $(PROMOTION) $(FCSUFFIX) $(SOLVE_EM_SPECIAL) $(OMP) $*.f90

module_sf_ruclsm.o : module_sf_ruclsm.F

module_sf_ruclsm.o :
	$(RM) $@
	$(SED_FTN) $*.F > $*.b 
	$(CPP) -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc $(CPPFLAGS) $(OMPCPP) $*.b  > $*.f90
	$(RM) $*.b
	$(FC) -c $(PROMOTION) $(FCREDUCEDOPT) $(FCBASEOPTS) $(MODULE_DIRS) $(FCSUFFIX) $(OMP) $*.f90

input_wrf.o \
module_domain.o \
module_domain_type.o \
module_physics_init.o \
module_io.o \
wrf_bdyin.o \
wrf_bdyout.o \
wrf_ext_read_field.o \
wrf_ext_write_field.o \
wrf_histin.o \
wrf_histout.o \
wrf_inputin.o \
wrf_inputout.o \
wrf_restartin.o \
wrf_restartout.o \
module_state_description.o \
module_comm_dm.o \
module_comm_dm_0.o \
module_comm_dm_1.o \
module_comm_dm_2.o \
module_comm_dm_3.o \
module_comm_nesting_dm.o \
module_configure.o :
	$(RM) $@
	$(CPP) -I$(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/inc $(CPPFLAGS) $(OMPCPP) $*.F  > $*.bb
	$(SED_FTN) $*.bb | $(CPP) $(TRADFLAG) > $*.f90
	@ if echo $(ARCHFLAGS) | $(FGREP) 'DVAR4D'; then \
          echo COMPILING $*.F for 4DVAR ; \
          $(WRF_SRC_ROOT_DIR)/var/build/da_name_space.pl $*.f90 > $*.f90.tmp ; \
          mv $*.f90.tmp $*.f90 ; \
        fi
	$(RM) $*.b $*.bb
	$(FC) -c $(PROMOTION) $(FCSUFFIX) $(FCNOOPT) $(FCBASEOPTS) $(MODULE_DIRS) $(OMP) $*.f90
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# 模拟编译
[scc@node1 WRF-4.7.1]$ ./compile em_real >& log.compile
[scc@node1 WRF-4.7.1]$ cat log.compile
-bash: ./compile: 无法执行：找不到需要的文件
# 发现 compile 为 csh 脚本，下载 csh
[scc@node1 WRF-4.7.1]$ sudo dnf install -y tcsh
[scc@node1 WRF-4.7.1]$ csh ./compile em_real >& log.compile
make: libwrfio_nf.a: 没有那个文件或目录
make: *** [makefile:20：libwrfio_nf.a] 错误 127
# 错误：说明没有 libwrfio_nf.a 文件（位于 WRF-4.7.1/external/io_netcdf），进行手动编译
[scc@node1 io_netcdf]$ make \
>   CC=gcc \
>   FC=mpif90 \
>   CFLAGS="-w -O3 -I/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/include -I../ioapi_share" \
>   FFLAGS="-w -O2 -ffree-form -ffree-line-length-none -fallow-argument-mismatch -I/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/include -I/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/include -I../ioapi_share" \
>   LDFLAGS="-L/data/software/install/netcdf/fortran/4.6.2/lib -lnetcdff -L/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3/lib -lnetcdf" \
>   NETCDFPATH=/data/software/install/netcdf/c/4.9.3 \
>   all
# 打包，更新索引
[scc@node1 io_netcdf]$ ar cr libwrfio_nf.a wrf_io.o field_routines.o module_wrfsi_static.o
[scc@node1 io_netcdf]$ ranlib libwrfio_nf.a
# 重新 ./compile，成功
[scc@node1 WRF-4.7.1]$ csh ./compile em_real >& log.compile

在 log.compile 文件末尾你应当能看到类似如下的 log：4 个 exe 文件正确输出。